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水下鳐鱼Aqua_ray: “水下鳐鱼”是一种远程控制的水力驱动鱼，它的形状和运动都以鳐鱼为模板。 “水下鳐鱼”的中央驱动和控制单元采取了Festo公司特有的流体肌肉形式，并结合了射线效应——一种基于鱼鳍的功能解剖的设计。这使得模仿自然的鱼鳍推进近乎完美。由于“水下鳐鱼”能够任意移动，可以作为一水压滑翔机或者振翅驱动，节约了大量能源。“水下鳐鱼”的形状和运动的方式让它可广泛用于海洋学领域而不破坏自然环境。Aqua_ray is a remote-controlled fish driven by water hydraulics, the shape and movements of which have been based on the model of a manta ray.The central drive and control unit of Aqua_ray takes the form of a fluidic muscle from Festo, in combination with the Fin Ray Effect®. The Fin Ray Effect® is a design based on the functional anatomy of a fish’s fin. This makes it possible to imitate the fin propulsion of the natural role model almost perfectly. As the Aqua_ray can be manoeuvred extremely well, and can be operated both as a hydrostatic glider and with an active wing beat, substantial energy savings can be achieved. Thanks to its shape and its means of locomotion, the Aqua_ray can be used in wide ranging areas of oceanography without disrupting the natural environment.

2009/11/12
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西门子SIMATIC STEP 7 V5.3 使用入门[课件]: STEP 7 是用于 SIMATIC S7-300/400 站创建可编程逻辑控制程序的标准软件，可使用梯形图、功能块图或语句表。关于这本使用入门手册在本手册中，您将会了解 SIMATIC STEP 7 的基础知识。我们将向您显示最重要的屏幕对话框并通过实际练习显示应遵循的步骤，而这些内容都有独立的结构，您几乎可以从任意一章开始。每一章节分为两个部分：说明部分标以灰色；操作过程部分则标以绿色。指令从绿色页边内的箭头处开始，并且可能分布在多页中，结束处是一个停止符号，有一个包含相关主题的方框。有关鼠标、窗口操作、下拉菜单等的预先经验是有用的，您最好熟悉可编程逻辑控制器的基本原理。 STEP 7 的培训课程则为您提供入门手册之外的更深入的知识，教您如何用 STEP 7创建完整的自动化解决方案。使用入门手册的要求为完成这本入门手册中 STEP 7 的实际练习，您需要具备如下条件： • 一台西门子编程设备或一台 PC • STEP 7 软件包和相应的许可证密钥 • 一个 SIMATIC S7-300 或 S7-400 可编程控制器 (用于第 7 章“下载和调试程序”)。有关 STEP 7 的其它资料 • STEP 7 基本信息 • STEP 7 参考信息在您安装了 STEP 7 之后，在“开始”菜单的 Simatic > 文档下可以找到电子手册，或者也可以从西门子的任何一个销售中心定购它们。手册中的所有信息均可在STEP 7 中从在线帮助中调出。

2009/11/11
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西门子SIMATIC S7-300和S7-400的梯形图(LAD)编程手册[课件]

西门子SIMATIC S7-300和S7-400的梯形图(LAD)编程手册[课件]: 本手册是以梯形图(LAD)程序语言创建用户程序的指南。本手册同时也包含了描述梯形图语言元素的语法和函数的参考章节。基础知识要求本手册供S7程序员、操作员以及维护/维修人员使用。要了解本手册，需要具有自动化技术的常规知识。除此之外，还需要具有计算机应用能力和其它类似于PC(例如，编程设备)的、使用MS Windows 2000专业版或MS Windows XP专业版操作系统的工作设备的知识。手册应用范围本手册适用于STEP 7编程软件包5.3版本。符合IEC 1131-3标准 LAD符合国际电工技术委员会标准IEC 1131-3中定义的“梯形图”语言。欲知更多详细资料，请参见STEP 7文件NORM_TBL.WRI中的标准表。

2009/11/10
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气动手臂AirArm: 通过分析龙虾和蝗虫的腿以及人类手指的形态得到了气动手臂的灵感。它是一个带有外部骨架的两节式桥臂，由气动肌腱驱动。智能控制技术使气动手臂能赶上水滴的速度。气动手臂在技术上的意图是能够在指定半球状运行范围内延伸到尽可能多的区域。选择一般技术实践的常规原理，使带气动肌腱的两节式伸缩系统同时反向运行。 AirArm is biologically inspired by analyses of lobsters’ and grasshoppers’ legs and by human pointing gestures. It is a two-segmented arm with an external skeleton powered by pneumatic muscles. Intelligent control technology enables AirArm to catch drops of water. The technical purpose of AirArm is to reach as many points as possible within a hemispherical operating range defined from a specified point in space. A two-segmented flexing system with muscles operating together in contrary motion was chosen as the general principle for technical realisation.

2009/11/9
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[第2讲]低电压指令: 低电压指令：2006/95/EC；Original directive: 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EC Article 1；2006/95/EC 于2007年1月16日正式生效。查看更多

2009/11/6
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空中水母AirJelly: 空中水母的环境是空气。与水下水母不同，远程控制的水母——空中水母不是在水中游，而是在广阔的空中滑翔，因为它有一个中央电机装置和一个智能听候指令的体系。它能够这样是因为它有一个充满氦气的球形网。空中水母仅有的动力来源就是连接中央电动驱动器的两个锂离子电池。中央驱动器把动力传输到一个锥齿轮上，然后再传给八个连续的直齿轮，直齿轮通过曲柄带动水母上的八个“触角”。每个“触角”都设计成鱼鳍鳍条结构。把蠕动当做这个球形网的动力到目前为止在空军史上还是空白。空中水母是第一个以蠕动为驱动力的室内飞行物体。这种新型的驱动理念基于反弹原理的助推力，让水母轻轻地在空中穿行。 AirJellys environment is the air. Unlike AquaJelly, the remote-controlled jellyfish AirJelly does not swim through water, but instead glides instead through a sea of air thanks to its central electric drive unit and an intelligent, adaptive mechanism. It is able to do so because it consists of a helium-filled ballonett. AirJellys sole source of power is two lithium-ion polymer batteries connected to the central electric drive unit. It transmits the force to a bevel gear and from there to a succession of eight spur gears, which move the eight tentacles of the jellyfish via cranks. Each tentacle is designed as a structure with Fin Ray Effect . Propulsion of a ballonett by means of peristaltic motion is hitherto unknown in the history of aviation. AirJelly is the first indoor flight object with peristaltic drive. This new drive concept, with propulsion based on the principle of recoil, moves the jellyfish gently through the air.

2009/11/6
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立体鼹鼠机—吸引人的可编程机器人系统: 立体鼹鼠机在不久的将来会在技术培训中发挥重要的作用。这些备有电脑芯片的立方体可以紧密接连接在一起。鼹鼠机之间可以相互沟通交流。能量和信号从一个立体鼹鼠机传递给下一个，这样也保证了能量的供应以及信号的传递。年轻人可以用这种机器给自己制造的机器人编程。Molecubes – an attractive programmable robotics system Molecubes could play a significant role in technical training in the near future. These cubes, fitted with computer chips, can be successively attached to each other. Each Molecube communicates with all the other cubes; the energy supply and transmission of signals from one Molecube to the next are thereby ensured. Young people can use the Molecubes to build and program their own robots.

2009/10/31
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iFab——3D 印刷技术: 3D印刷？听起来好像是未来的一个愿景与快速原型法一直存在于工业生产中。由于iFab技术，在客厅就能将自己的产品印出来这中以前不可能实现的想法现在已经逐渐成为现实。无论是塑料制品或者巧克力，iFab都可以将各种材料印出来。iFab 3D printing Printing in three dimensions? What sounds like a vision of the future has long been industrial reality with rapid prototyping. The previously unattainable dream of being able to print ones own products in the living-room has come much closer to realisation thanks to iFab. Whether it be plastics or chocolate, iFab can process the most diverse of materials.

2009/10/30
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连续ARQ协议-计算机网络基础(9-10): 连续ARQ协议.自动重传请求（Automatic Repeat-reQuest，ARQ）是OSI模型中数据链路层的错误纠正协议之一。它包括停止等待ARQ协议和连续ARQ协议，錯誤偵測（Error Detection）、正面確認（Positive Acknowledgment）、逾時重傳（Retransmission after Timeout）與負面確認繼以重傳（Negative Acknowledgment and Retransmission）等機制。

2009/10/27
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空中企鹅AirPenguin_Festo仿生技术: airPenguin –空中企鹅——自动飞翔的机器企鹅. 随着空中企鹅的问世， Festo公司的工程师们创造了人造企鹅，并教会他们“在空中自主飞行”。为此，控制和调节技术进一步发展成自我调节生物机电一体化系统，该系统可以在今后的生产适应性发挥作用。一组3只自动飞行的企鹅自由盘旋在空中超声发射站监控下的固定区域。企鹅能够自由的在这个空间内移动，因为一个微控制器赋予了他们自由的意志来以开拓这片空间。 autonomously flying robotic penguins With the AirPenguins, the engineers from Festo have created artificial penguins and have taught them "autonomous flight in the sea of air". For this purpose, control and regulating technology had to be further developed into self-regulating biomechatronic systems, which could also play a future role in adaptive production. A group of three autonomously flying penguins hovers freely through a defined air space that is monitored by ultrasound transmission stations. The penguins are at liberty to move within this space; a microcontroller gives them free will in order to explore it.

2009/10/23
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