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水下鳐鱼Aqua_ray: “水下鳐鱼”是一种远程控制的水力驱动鱼，它的形状和运动都以鳐鱼为模板。 “水下鳐鱼”的中央驱动和控制单元采取了Festo公司特有的流体肌肉形式，并结合了射线效应——一种基于鱼鳍的功能解剖的设计。这使得模仿自然的鱼鳍推进近乎完美。由于“水下鳐鱼”能够任意移动，可以作为一水压滑翔机或者振翅驱动，节约了大量能源。“水下鳐鱼”的形状和运动的方式让它可广泛用于海洋学领域而不破坏自然环境。Aqua_ray is a remote-controlled fish driven by water hydraulics, the shape and movements of which have been based on the model of a manta ray.The central drive and control unit of Aqua_ray takes the form of a fluidic muscle from Festo, in combination with the Fin Ray Effect®. The Fin Ray Effect® is a design based on the functional anatomy of a fish’s fin. This makes it possible to imitate the fin propulsion of the natural role model almost perfectly. As the Aqua_ray can be manoeuvred extremely well, and can be operated both as a hydrostatic glider and with an active wing beat, substantial energy savings can be achieved. Thanks to its shape and its means of locomotion, the Aqua_ray can be used in wide ranging areas of oceanography without disrupting the natural environment.

2009/11/12
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空中水母AirJelly: 空中水母的环境是空气。与水下水母不同，远程控制的水母——空中水母不是在水中游，而是在广阔的空中滑翔，因为它有一个中央电机装置和一个智能听候指令的体系。它能够这样是因为它有一个充满氦气的球形网。空中水母仅有的动力来源就是连接中央电动驱动器的两个锂离子电池。中央驱动器把动力传输到一个锥齿轮上，然后再传给八个连续的直齿轮，直齿轮通过曲柄带动水母上的八个“触角”。每个“触角”都设计成鱼鳍鳍条结构。把蠕动当做这个球形网的动力到目前为止在空军史上还是空白。空中水母是第一个以蠕动为驱动力的室内飞行物体。这种新型的驱动理念基于反弹原理的助推力，让水母轻轻地在空中穿行。 AirJellys environment is the air. Unlike AquaJelly, the remote-controlled jellyfish AirJelly does not swim through water, but instead glides instead through a sea of air thanks to its central electric drive unit and an intelligent, adaptive mechanism. It is able to do so because it consists of a helium-filled ballonett. AirJellys sole source of power is two lithium-ion polymer batteries connected to the central electric drive unit. It transmits the force to a bevel gear and from there to a succession of eight spur gears, which move the eight tentacles of the jellyfish via cranks. Each tentacle is designed as a structure with Fin Ray Effect . Propulsion of a ballonett by means of peristaltic motion is hitherto unknown in the history of aviation. AirJelly is the first indoor flight object with peristaltic drive. This new drive concept, with propulsion based on the principle of recoil, moves the jellyfish gently through the air.

2009/11/6
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现代通信原理与技术(第36讲): ADPCM的主要特点.PCM是脉冲编码调制的意思。AD是自适应增量的意思。ADPCM(Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation)，是一种针对 16bits( 或8bits或者更高) 声音波形数据的一种有损压缩算法,它将声音流中每次采样的 16bit 数据以 4bit 存储,所以压缩比 1:4. 而且压缩/解压缩算法非常简单,所以是一种低空间消耗，高质量高效率声音获得的好途径。保存声音的数据文件后缀名为 .AUD 的大多用ADPCM 压缩。 ADPCM 主要是针对连续的波形数据的，保存的是波形的变化情况，以达到描述整个波形的目的，由于它的编码和解码的过程却很简洁，列在后面，相信大家能够看懂。 8bits采样的声音人耳是可以勉强接受的，而 16bit 采样的声音可以算是高音质了。ADPCM 算法却可以将每次采样得到的 16bit 数据压缩到 4bit 。需要注意的是，如果要压缩/解压缩得是立体声信号，采样时，声音信号是放在一起的，需要将两个声道分别处理。

2009/10/29
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现代通信原理与技术(第35讲): PCM系统的抗噪声性能.PCM系统的抗噪声性能。PCM系统的噪声主要有两种:量化噪声和加性噪声。量化噪声和信道加性噪声相互独立，所以我们先分别讨论它们单独作用时系统的性能，然后再分析系统总的抗噪声性能。ADPCM(Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation)，是一种针对 16bits( 或8bits或者更高) 声音波形数据的一种有损压缩算法,它将声音流中每次采样的 16bit 数据以 4bit 存储,所以压缩比 1:4. 而且压缩/解压缩算法非常简单,所以是一种低空间消耗，高质量高效率声音获得的好途径。保存声音的数据文件后缀名为 .AUD 的大多用ADPCM 压缩。　　ADPCM 主要是针对连续的波形数据的，保存的是波形的变化情况，以达到描述整个波形的目的，由于它的编码和解码的过程却很简洁，列在后面，相信大家能够看懂。

2009/10/28
人气(5366)
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水下企鹅AquaPenguins_Festo仿生技术: 水下企鹅- 技术-水下自动运载工具AquaPenguins - technology-bearers as autonomous underwater vehicle.与它自然界的原型一样，来自费斯托（Festo）公司的水下企鹅具有一个带水动力的身体轮廓。其优雅的推进力以及其可向各个方向移动的机翼头部和尾部，让机器人企鹅可以在狭窄的空间条件下自由穿行，并且在必要时及时出现甚至可以向后游——这一点可不像它们的自然界的原型。仿生企鹅设计成水下自动运载工具，可以自由定位并且可在水池中穿行。这种工具有一个3D的海豚音声纳系统，使得“企鹅”可以与周围的伙伴们交流，比如避免互相碰撞。Like its natural archetype, the AquaPenguin from Festo has a hydrodynamic body contour. Its elegant wing propulsion and its head and tail sections, which can be moved in all directions, allow the robotic penguins to manoeuvre in cramped spatial conditions, to turn on the spot when necessary and – unlike their biological counterparts – even to swim backwards. The bionic Penguins are designed as autonomous underwater vehicles that independently orient themselves and navigate through the water basin. They are supported by a 3D sonar system which, as with dolphins, allows communication with their surroundings and with other robotic penguins – for example to avoid collisions.

2009/10/22
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